A Framework for Effective Public Enforcement of Cartels: A Study of Four Nordic Countries

We present a framework for analyzing cartel enforcement which focuses on (i) detection, (ii) investigation, prosecution and conviction, and (iii) penalization. The framework is used to evaluate the cartel enforcement in the four Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Our findings demonstrate that those countries have shortcomings in all three stages of enforcement. To improve the identified weaknesses, we propose policy changes that can strengthen the public enforcement of cartels.